Wacana 1
HOW TO STAY HEALTHY
"A healthy mind in a healthy body". That is the motto of every athlete in the world. People can be
happy only if -they are healthy. There are several important things we must do in order to stay healthy. First, we must get enough regular physical exercise.
Second, we must live in a clean house. Third, we must have enough time to rest. Rest is an important physical exercise. And fourth, we must eat adequate quantities
of nutritious food. Good food is very important for keeping our body, healthy. Food which contains a lot of nutriments is always good for our body. Nutriments
are used by our body for energy, growth, and for building new body tissues. Nutriments are of five important groups: proteins, carbohydrates, fats,
minerals and vitamins. Out body needs proteins for its growth. Therefore, proteins are the most important nutriments for young people. Proteins also rebuild
worn-out body tissues. We can acquire proteins from meat, chicken, peas, beans, coconuts, eggs and milk.
Carbohydrates are as important 35, proteins,
because they are the main source of energy. 4fle body needs energy to do its work. Carbohydrates are found in flour, bread, cakes, rice, potatoes, cassava, corn, sugar and sweets.
Fats are another important source of energy. We can find fats in butter, margarine, milk, coconut-milk, eggs, fish, meat and .ice-cream. However, too much fat
can make our body fat and this is dangerous for our
heart. It can cause heart attacks.
Mineral salts such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron are also absolutely necessary for our body. For instance, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are necessary for the growth of our bones and teeth. Iron is important for our blood.
Vitamins are important for our health. The body cannot make its own vitamins, so it depends on our food for these. We must eat food which contains a. lot of vitamins, such as vegetables and fruit. They help the body to absorb other nutrients in food. Vitamins control our digestion.
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... as the main source of energy needed by our body are found in bread, cakes, rice, etc.
A. Carbohydrates
B. Vitamins
C. Minerals D. Proteins E. Fats
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Fats which are found in various kinds of food are dangerous for our heart.
This information is found in paragraph ... A. oneB. two C. three D. four
E. five
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Which statement is true according to the text? A. Vitamins help the blood to circulate
B. Our body needs protein for digestion
C. Mineral salts help the body to absorb nutrients in food
D. Nutritious food is very important for keeping our
body healthy
E. Only fats are needed for rebuilding our worn-out body tissues
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What kind of nutriment is mostly needed for the
growth of our body? A. Fat
B. Protein
C. Vitamin
D. Mineral
E. Carbohydrate
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"We must eat adequate quantities of nutritious " food", (paragraph 1).
What is the synonym of underlined won!?
A. Few B. Many C. Large D. Small
E. Enough
Wacana 2
VOLCANOES
In Indonesia, mudflows have been the major cause of destruction and loss of human life during volcanic catastrophes and landslides. Another kind of disaster which claimed victims, but which was not directly: caused by volcanic eruptions, happened at the Dieng Plateau, Central Java, February 1979: two mud eruptions and poisonous, suffocating gases caused the death bf, 149 people.
Disasters in the past may have been caused "by ground movement and tectonic earthquakes which are often inherent in volcanic outbursts. Examples of these are the earthquakes in Bali in 1963, which took place after the eruption of the Agung volcano; and the
earthquakes in West Java in the 1960s, caused by the Salak volcano. So far, a direct relationship between, tectonic earthquakes and volcanic eruptions has not been observed.
Tectonic earthquakes may also be the cause of tsunamis. This phenomenon occurred during the Krakatau catastrophe in 1883, and caused the death of the people living in the coastal areas of South Sumatra and the western part of West Java. Most geologists, however, accepted the theory that this earthquakes was caused by sea waves, which in turn were the result of the collapse of the Krakatau volcano into the sea. This explosion was one of the most violent eruptions in historic times, .and its collapse formed a caldera on the seabed.
The menace of volcanoes in general is greater than that of other natural disasters. If an eruption occurred in the Toba region, for example, where flammable deposits are found in great quantity, it would entail a catastrophe. In such cases man is powerless.
Volcanic eruptions, besides claiming thousands of lives and causing lose of property and damage to villages, are, on the other hand, beneficial to agriculture. The ash they produce is responsible for the fertile soil around active volcanoes.
Volcanoes, with their craters, lakes and solfataras are places of interest for local as .well as foreign
tourists. Volcanic rock is used in the manufacture of
building materials, and volcanic heat is capable of generating electricity.
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When did the Agung volcano erupt?
A. 1883
B. 1949
C. I960
D. 1963
E. 1979
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What is the main idea of paragraph 5? A. The advantages of agriculture
B. The soil around active volcanoes
C. The advantages of volcanic eruption
D. The cause of earthquake and tsunamis
E. The relation between agriculture and volcanoes
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The death the people at the Dieng Plateau in 1979 was
caused by ... A. landslides B. sea waves
C. poisonous gases
D. volcanic outbursts
E. volcanic eruptions
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Which of these statements is not true according to the text?
A. Volcanoes are dangerous but also useful
B. Volcanic outbursts can generate electricity
C. Volcanoes are also places of interest that attract tourists
D. In the twentieth century an earthquake occurred in West Java
E. In 1883 many people in the coastal areas of South
Sumatra lost their lives
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"In Indonesia, mudflows have been the major cause of
destruction", (paragraph 1').
The synonym of the word "major" is ... A. main
B. distinct
C. important D. particular E. significant
Wacana 3
AIR POLLUTION
Every day both industrial and domestic chimneys
emit vast amounts of dirt and harmful gases. The exhaust fumes from thousands of car engines add to this huge volume of filth,
Sulphur dioxide, produced mainly by the burning of coal and oil, combines with the moisture of the air to form sulphuric acid. This eats away stone, brick and
even metal. Doctors reason that if it can do this, it must damage the lungs of people who breathe it, especially over a period of many years.
Usually the effects of air pollution are not
instantly noticeable. Occasionally, though,, there have been catastrophic "smogs". (The word smog is a combination of smoke and fog). One of these occurred in the town of Donora, Pennsylvania, in the U.S.A. The valley in which the town lies traps the smoke and fumes from the steelworks and chemical plants that fill it. One day, in October 1948, unusual weather conditions prevented the smog from lifting by the afternoon, as it normally did. Instead, it hung over the town for three days. By the end of the third day, nearly
6000 people were ill. More than 60 percent of those aged 65 and over were seriously ill. 20 people died. At last a heavy rain shower cleared the smog.
One of the chief causes of air pollution in many cities is the internal combustion engine. Cars, lorries, and buses give out the gas called carbon monoxide,
which in high concentrations can kill a person in a confined space. Cars also throw into the air fine particles of rubber and asphalt from their tires and the road, and particles of asbestos from their brake-linings.
These can cause damage to the lungs when breathed in.
Another source of pollution is nuclear power station which produce a great amount of poisonous
radio-active waste. This waste must be sealed up and buried beneath the ground or seabed so carefully that there is no danger of leakage. Some scientists are very
worried that we are not being careful enough with nuclear waste. It may not all be buried safely. Also, they fear there may be a serious accident at a nuclear
power station, releasing deadly radiation into the air.
Air pollution in many cities is mainly caused by … A. catastrophic smogs
B. poisonous radio-active waste
C. the internal combustion engine
D. industrial and domestic chimneys
E. the steelworks and chemical plants
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"A large amount of dangerous gases is given out by industrial and domestic chimneys".
This statement can be found in the ... paragraph.
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
E. fifth
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Why do we have to worry about the development of
technology and industries? Because, according to the text ...
A. they damage the soil
B. they exploit many workers
C. they will cause pollution
D. they change the weather condition
E. they keep poisonous radio-active waste
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Which statement is true according to the text?
A. Carbon monoxide is riot too dangerous
B. Radio active is harmless to people
C. Cars can absorb carbon monoxide
D. Smoke and fumes clear up the air
E. Motorcars cause air pollution
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"Doctors reason that if it can do this, it must damage the lungs of people ..." (paragraph 2)
The word "it" refers to ... A. sulphur dioxide
B. sulphuric acid C. damaged lung D. burning coal
E. burning oil
Wacana 4
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
There is reason for the deepest concern about the plight of wildlife in our country. Many rare species are threatened with extinction because of the greed of hunters and game collectors. Orangutans are rarely found in their natural habitat in the forests of Kalimantan and Sumatra, but one may find them in zoos and private menageries all over the world. Ruthless hunters kill innocent elephants for their valuable ivory tusks or catch them alive to perform in circuses. Tigers' hides decorate walls and floors of rich people's home in distant countries.
If things are allowed to continue in this way it is feared that very soon all wildlife will disappear from our forests. Fortunately, the government has now
imposed strict laws on hunting^ Some areas are designated wildlife reserves where hunters cannot enter. These include Ujungkulon and Pangandaran in West Java, Merubetiri in East Java, and many more in the other islands.
Some time ago our newspaper contained reports of elephants which had run amok, in the province of Lampung. They had emerged from their abode in the
forest and destroyed crops and houses belonging to the
villagers. The people could not understand why the beasts had suddenly gone wild: The strange thing was that the animals had not come for food, because having wrought destruction they returned to, the forest. They seemed to have come only to vent their anger. As elephants are protected by law, the people could not kill any of them.
The explanation for the elephants strange behaviour is that they felt quiet life had been disturbed
by the timber-telling projects and saw-mills set up deep in the forest. The animals felt their domain was being narrowed by man, and so they got angry. Elephants felt
their domain was being narrowed by man, and $o they got angry. Elephants need peace and quiet for their family life. They also need vast areas of land in which
to roam. They live in herds, and each herd likes to have its own territory.
Now the government has driven the elephants
back into the forests, away from any village or lumber- mill. By shouting and shooting in the air the people drove the great beasts to a dew abode in the district of Air Sugihan. It is hoped that they will feel at home there, and can live in peace and quiet.
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Why do hunters kill elephants?
A. To get the tusks
B. To show their anger
C. To avoid destruction
D. To protect the villagers
E. To create a peaceful life
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The government has designated a new abode for the
elephants in ....
A. Kalimantan
B. Merubetiri
C. Ujungkulon
D. Air Sugihan
E. Pangandaran
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Strict laws are imposed oh hunting to conserve
wildlife.
This information is found in paragraph ...
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
E. five
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Which of these sentence is not true according to the text?
A. Hunters are not allowed to enter wildlife reserves
B. We can not kill animals as they are protected by laws
C. We are worried about the bad situation of wildlife in our country
D. People can hardly find orangutans in the forest of
Kalimantan
E. E. Ujungkulon and Pangandaran are the areas. , designated wildlife reserves
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"The animals felt their domain was being narrowed by
man, and so they got angry." (paragraph 4) It means that their domain had become ...
A. wider
B. larger C. bigger D. smaller E. greater
